diff --git a/dendrite-sample.monolith.yaml b/dendrite-sample.monolith.yaml
index c0134c542..d426b410a 100644
--- a/dendrite-sample.monolith.yaml
+++ b/dendrite-sample.monolith.yaml
@@ -41,6 +41,14 @@ global:
     max_idle_conns: 5
     conn_max_lifetime: -1
 
+  # Configuration for in-process caches, to help speed up processing transactions
+  # and reducing load on the database.
+  cache:
+    # The estimated maximum size for the global cache in bytes. Note that this is
+    # not a hard limit, nor is it a memory limit for the entire process. A cache that
+    # is too small may end up yielding little benefit.
+    max_bytes_est: 1073741824
+
   # The server name to delegate server-server communications to, with optional port
   # e.g. localhost:443
   well_known_server_name: ""
diff --git a/dendrite-sample.polylith.yaml b/dendrite-sample.polylith.yaml
index b9e3e5e56..9c4a348dd 100644
--- a/dendrite-sample.polylith.yaml
+++ b/dendrite-sample.polylith.yaml
@@ -31,6 +31,14 @@ global:
   # considered valid by other homeservers.
   key_validity_period: 168h0m0s
 
+  # Configuration for in-process caches, to help speed up processing transactions
+  # and reducing load on the database.
+  cache:
+    # The estimated maximum size for the global cache in bytes. Note that this is
+    # not a hard limit, nor is it a memory limit for the entire process. A cache that
+    # is too small may end up yielding little benefit.
+    max_bytes_est: 1073741824
+
   # The server name to delegate server-server communications to, with optional port
   # e.g. localhost:443
   well_known_server_name: ""
diff --git a/setup/base/base.go b/setup/base/base.go
index a02ea3d7f..85698cedc 100644
--- a/setup/base/base.go
+++ b/setup/base/base.go
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ func NewBaseDendrite(cfg *config.Dendrite, componentName string, options ...Base
 		}
 	}
 
-	cache, err := caching.NewRistrettoCache(cfg.Global.Caches.EstMaxSize, enableMetrics)
+	cache, err := caching.NewRistrettoCache(cfg.Global.Cache.EstMaxSize, enableMetrics)
 	if err != nil {
 		logrus.WithError(err).Warnf("Failed to create cache")
 	}
diff --git a/setup/config/config_global.go b/setup/config/config_global.go
index 1b2c04611..1182b6953 100644
--- a/setup/config/config_global.go
+++ b/setup/config/config_global.go
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ type Global struct {
 	ReportStats ReportStats `yaml:"report_stats"`
 
 	// Configuration for the caches.
-	Caches Caches `yaml:"caches"`
+	Cache Cache `yaml:"cache"`
 }
 
 func (c *Global) Defaults(generate bool) {
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ func (c *Global) Defaults(generate bool) {
 	c.Sentry.Defaults()
 	c.ServerNotices.Defaults(generate)
 	c.ReportStats.Defaults()
-	c.Caches.Defaults(generate)
+	c.Cache.Defaults(generate)
 }
 
 func (c *Global) Verify(configErrs *ConfigErrors, isMonolith bool) {
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ func (c *Global) Verify(configErrs *ConfigErrors, isMonolith bool) {
 	c.DNSCache.Verify(configErrs, isMonolith)
 	c.ServerNotices.Verify(configErrs, isMonolith)
 	c.ReportStats.Verify(configErrs, isMonolith)
-	c.Caches.Verify(configErrs, isMonolith)
+	c.Cache.Verify(configErrs, isMonolith)
 }
 
 type OldVerifyKeys struct {
@@ -173,17 +173,15 @@ func (c *ServerNotices) Defaults(generate bool) {
 
 func (c *ServerNotices) Verify(errors *ConfigErrors, isMonolith bool) {}
 
-type Caches struct {
-	Enabled    bool  `yaml:"enabled"`
+type Cache struct {
 	EstMaxSize int64 `yaml:"max_bytes_est"`
 }
 
-func (c *Caches) Defaults(generate bool) {
-	c.Enabled = true
+func (c *Cache) Defaults(generate bool) {
 	c.EstMaxSize = 1024 * 1024 * 1024 // 1GB
 }
 
-func (c *Caches) Verify(errors *ConfigErrors, isMonolith bool) {
+func (c *Cache) Verify(errors *ConfigErrors, isMonolith bool) {
 	checkPositive(errors, "max_bytes_est", int64(c.EstMaxSize))
 }