diff --git a/build/docker/Dockerfile b/build/docker/Dockerfile
index d8e07681f..5cab0530f 100644
--- a/build/docker/Dockerfile
+++ b/build/docker/Dockerfile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM docker.io/golang:1.13.7-alpine3.11 AS builder
+FROM docker.io/golang:1.15-alpine AS builder
 
 RUN apk --update --no-cache add bash build-base
 
diff --git a/build/docker/Dockerfile.component b/build/docker/Dockerfile.component
deleted file mode 100644
index 13634391a..000000000
--- a/build/docker/Dockerfile.component
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-FROM matrixdotorg/dendrite:latest AS base
-
-FROM alpine:latest
-
-ARG component=monolith
-ENV entrypoint=${component}
-
-COPY --from=base /build/bin/${component} /usr/bin
-
-VOLUME /etc/dendrite
-WORKDIR /etc/dendrite
-
-ENTRYPOINT /usr/bin/${entrypoint} $@
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/build/docker/Dockerfile.monolith b/build/docker/Dockerfile.monolith
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e9d0cba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build/docker/Dockerfile.monolith
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+FROM matrixdotorg/dendrite:latest AS base
+
+FROM alpine:latest
+
+COPY --from=base /build/bin/dendrite-monolith-server /usr/bin
+COPY --from=base /build/bin/goose /usr/bin
+COPY --from=base /build/bin/create-account /usr/bin
+COPY --from=base /build/bin/generate-keys /usr/bin
+
+VOLUME /etc/dendrite
+WORKDIR /etc/dendrite
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/dendrite-monolith-server"]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/build/docker/Dockerfile.polylith b/build/docker/Dockerfile.polylith
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd4cbd38f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build/docker/Dockerfile.polylith
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+FROM matrixdotorg/dendrite:latest AS base
+
+FROM alpine:latest
+
+COPY --from=base /build/bin/dendrite-polylith-multi /usr/bin
+COPY --from=base /build/bin/goose /usr/bin
+COPY --from=base /build/bin/create-account /usr/bin
+COPY --from=base /build/bin/generate-keys /usr/bin
+
+VOLUME /etc/dendrite
+WORKDIR /etc/dendrite
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/dendrite-polylith-multi"]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/build/docker/docker-compose.deps.yml b/build/docker/docker-compose.deps.yml
index 74e478a8d..1a27ffac0 100644
--- a/build/docker/docker-compose.deps.yml
+++ b/build/docker/docker-compose.deps.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ version: "3.4"
 services:
   postgres:
     hostname: postgres
-    image: postgres:9.5
+    image: postgres:9.6
     restart: always
     volumes:
       - ./postgres/create_db.sh:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/20-create_db.sh
diff --git a/build/docker/docker-compose.monolith.yml b/build/docker/docker-compose.monolith.yml
index 336a43984..8fb798343 100644
--- a/build/docker/docker-compose.monolith.yml
+++ b/build/docker/docker-compose.monolith.yml
@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ version: "3.4"
 services:
   monolith:
     hostname: monolith
-    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite:monolith
+    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite-monolith:latest
     command: [
-      "--config=dendrite.yaml",
       "--tls-cert=server.crt",
       "--tls-key=server.key"
     ]
diff --git a/build/docker/docker-compose.polylith.yml b/build/docker/docker-compose.polylith.yml
index 8a4c50e06..f377e36fc 100644
--- a/build/docker/docker-compose.polylith.yml
+++ b/build/docker/docker-compose.polylith.yml
@@ -1,43 +1,18 @@
 version: "3.4"
 services:
-  client_api_proxy:
-    hostname: client_api_proxy
-    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite:clientproxy
-    command: [
-      "--bind-address=:8008",
-      "--client-api-server-url=http://client_api:8071",
-      "--sync-api-server-url=http://sync_api:8073",
-      "--media-api-server-url=http://media_api:8074"
-    ]
-    volumes:
-      - ./config:/etc/dendrite
-    networks:
-      - internal
-    depends_on:
-      - sync_api
-      - client_api
-      - media_api
-    ports:
-      - "8008:8008"
-
   client_api:
     hostname: client_api
-    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite:clientapi
-    command: [
-      "--config=dendrite.yaml"
-    ]
+    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite-polylith:latest
+    command: clientapi
     volumes:
       - ./config:/etc/dendrite
-      - room_server
     networks:
       - internal
 
   media_api:
     hostname: media_api
-    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite:mediaapi
-    command: [
-      "--config=dendrite.yaml"
-    ]
+    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite-polylith:latest
+    command: mediaapi
     volumes:
       - ./config:/etc/dendrite
     networks:
@@ -45,10 +20,8 @@ services:
 
   sync_api:
     hostname: sync_api
-    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite:syncapi
-    command: [
-      "--config=dendrite.yaml"
-    ]
+    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite-polylith:latest
+    command: syncapi
     volumes:
       - ./config:/etc/dendrite
     networks:
@@ -56,10 +29,8 @@ services:
 
   room_server:
     hostname: room_server
-    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite:roomserver
-    command: [
-      "--config=dendrite.yaml"
-    ]
+    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite-polylith:latest
+    command: roomserver
     volumes:
       - ./config:/etc/dendrite
     networks:
@@ -67,40 +38,17 @@ services:
 
   edu_server:
     hostname: edu_server
-    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite:eduserver
-    command: [
-      "--config=dendrite.yaml"
-    ]
+    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite-polylith:latest
+    command: eduserver
     volumes:
       - ./config:/etc/dendrite
     networks:
       - internal
 
-  federation_api_proxy:
-    hostname: federation_api_proxy
-    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite:federationproxy
-    command: [
-      "--bind-address=:8448",
-      "--federation-api-url=http://federation_api:8072",
-      "--media-api-server-url=http://media_api:8074"
-    ]
-    volumes:
-      - ./config:/etc/dendrite
-    depends_on:
-      - federation_api
-      - federation_sender
-      - media_api
-    networks:
-      - internal
-    ports:
-      - "8448:8448"
-
   federation_api:
     hostname: federation_api
-    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite:federationapi
-    command: [
-      "--config=dendrite.yaml"
-    ]
+    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite-polylith:latest
+    command: federationapi
     volumes:
       - ./config:/etc/dendrite
     networks:
@@ -108,10 +56,8 @@ services:
 
   federation_sender:
     hostname: federation_sender
-    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite:federationsender
-    command: [
-      "--config=dendrite.yaml"
-    ]
+    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite-polylith:latest
+    command: federationsender
     volumes:
       - ./config:/etc/dendrite
     networks:
@@ -119,10 +65,8 @@ services:
       
   key_server:
     hostname: key_server
-    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite:keyserver
-    command: [
-      "--config=dendrite.yaml"
-    ]
+    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite-polylith:latest
+    command: keyserver
     volumes:
       - ./config:/etc/dendrite
     networks:
@@ -130,10 +74,8 @@ services:
 
   signing_key_server:
     hostname: signing_key_server
-    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite:signingkeyserver
-    command: [
-      "--config=dendrite.yaml"
-    ]
+    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite-polylith:latest
+    command: signingkeyserver
     volumes:
       - ./config:/etc/dendrite
     networks:
@@ -141,10 +83,8 @@ services:
 
   user_api:
     hostname: user_api
-    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite:userapi
-    command: [
-        "--config=dendrite.yaml"
-    ]
+    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite-polylith:latest
+    command: userapi
     volumes:
         - ./config:/etc/dendrite
     networks:
@@ -152,10 +92,8 @@ services:
 
   appservice_api:
     hostname: appservice_api
-    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite:appservice
-    command: [
-      "--config=dendrite.yaml"
-    ]
+    image: matrixdotorg/dendrite-polylith:latest
+    command: appservice
     volumes:
       - ./config:/etc/dendrite
     networks:
diff --git a/build/docker/images-build.sh b/build/docker/images-build.sh
index d72bac214..f80f6bed2 100755
--- a/build/docker/images-build.sh
+++ b/build/docker/images-build.sh
@@ -2,20 +2,11 @@
 
 cd $(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)
 
-docker build -f build/docker/Dockerfile -t matrixdotorg/dendrite:latest .
+TAG=${1:-latest}
 
-docker build -t matrixdotorg/dendrite:monolith          --build-arg component=dendrite-monolith-server          -f build/docker/Dockerfile.component .
+echo "Building tag '${TAG}'"
 
-docker build -t matrixdotorg/dendrite:appservice        --build-arg component=dendrite-appservice-server        -f build/docker/Dockerfile.component .
-docker build -t matrixdotorg/dendrite:clientapi         --build-arg component=dendrite-client-api-server        -f build/docker/Dockerfile.component .
-docker build -t matrixdotorg/dendrite:clientproxy       --build-arg component=client-api-proxy                  -f build/docker/Dockerfile.component .
-docker build -t matrixdotorg/dendrite:eduserver         --build-arg component=dendrite-edu-server               -f build/docker/Dockerfile.component .
-docker build -t matrixdotorg/dendrite:federationapi     --build-arg component=dendrite-federation-api-server    -f build/docker/Dockerfile.component .
-docker build -t matrixdotorg/dendrite:federationsender  --build-arg component=dendrite-federation-sender-server -f build/docker/Dockerfile.component .
-docker build -t matrixdotorg/dendrite:federationproxy   --build-arg component=federation-api-proxy              -f build/docker/Dockerfile.component .
-docker build -t matrixdotorg/dendrite:keyserver         --build-arg component=dendrite-key-server               -f build/docker/Dockerfile.component .
-docker build -t matrixdotorg/dendrite:mediaapi          --build-arg component=dendrite-media-api-server         -f build/docker/Dockerfile.component .
-docker build -t matrixdotorg/dendrite:roomserver        --build-arg component=dendrite-room-server              -f build/docker/Dockerfile.component .
-docker build -t matrixdotorg/dendrite:syncapi           --build-arg component=dendrite-sync-api-server          -f build/docker/Dockerfile.component .
-docker build -t matrixdotorg/dendrite:signingkeyserver      --build-arg component=dendrite-signing-key-server    -f build/docker/Dockerfile.component .
-docker build -t matrixdotorg/dendrite:userapi           --build-arg component=dendrite-user-api-server          -f build/docker/Dockerfile.component .
+docker build -f build/docker/Dockerfile -t matrixdotorg/dendrite:${TAG} .
+
+docker build -t matrixdotorg/dendrite-monolith:${TAG}  -f build/docker/Dockerfile.monolith .
+docker build -t matrixdotorg/dendrite-polylith:${TAG}  -f build/docker/Dockerfile.polylith .
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/build/docker/images-pull.sh b/build/docker/images-pull.sh
index be9185464..496e80067 100755
--- a/build/docker/images-pull.sh
+++ b/build/docker/images-pull.sh
@@ -1,17 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
-docker pull matrixdotorg/dendrite:monolith
+TAG=${1:-latest}
 
-docker pull matrixdotorg/dendrite:appservice
-docker pull matrixdotorg/dendrite:clientapi
-docker pull matrixdotorg/dendrite:clientproxy
-docker pull matrixdotorg/dendrite:eduserver
-docker pull matrixdotorg/dendrite:federationapi
-docker pull matrixdotorg/dendrite:federationsender
-docker pull matrixdotorg/dendrite:federationproxy
-docker pull matrixdotorg/dendrite:keyserver
-docker pull matrixdotorg/dendrite:mediaapi
-docker pull matrixdotorg/dendrite:roomserver
-docker pull matrixdotorg/dendrite:syncapi
-docker pull matrixdotorg/dendrite:signingkeyserver
-docker pull matrixdotorg/dendrite:userapi
+echo "Pulling tag '${TAG}'"
+
+docker pull matrixdotorg/dendrite-monolith:${TAG}
+docker pull matrixdotorg/dendrite-polylith:${TAG}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/build/docker/images-push.sh b/build/docker/images-push.sh
index 64920171b..fd9b999ea 100755
--- a/build/docker/images-push.sh
+++ b/build/docker/images-push.sh
@@ -1,17 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
-docker push matrixdotorg/dendrite:monolith
+TAG=${1:-latest}
 
-docker push matrixdotorg/dendrite:appservice
-docker push matrixdotorg/dendrite:clientapi
-docker push matrixdotorg/dendrite:clientproxy
-docker push matrixdotorg/dendrite:eduserver
-docker push matrixdotorg/dendrite:federationapi
-docker push matrixdotorg/dendrite:federationsender
-docker push matrixdotorg/dendrite:federationproxy
-docker push matrixdotorg/dendrite:keyserver
-docker push matrixdotorg/dendrite:mediaapi
-docker push matrixdotorg/dendrite:roomserver
-docker push matrixdotorg/dendrite:syncapi
-docker push matrixdotorg/dendrite:signingkeyserver
-docker push matrixdotorg/dendrite:userapi
+echo "Pushing tag '${TAG}'"
+
+docker push matrixdotorg/dendrite-monolith:${TAG}
+docker push matrixdotorg/dendrite-polylith:${TAG}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/build/docker/postgres/create_db.sh b/build/docker/postgres/create_db.sh
index 97514467b..7495a3978 100755
--- a/build/docker/postgres/create_db.sh
+++ b/build/docker/postgres/create_db.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-for db in account device mediaapi syncapi roomserver signingkeyserver keyserver federationsender appservice e2ekey naffka; do
+for db in account device mediaapi syncapi roomserver signingkeyserver keyserver federationsender appservice naffka; do
     createdb -U dendrite -O dendrite dendrite_$db
 done
diff --git a/cmd/create-account/main.go b/cmd/create-account/main.go
index a9bd92794..f6de2d0d4 100644
--- a/cmd/create-account/main.go
+++ b/cmd/create-account/main.go
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/config"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/userapi/storage/accounts"
-	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/userapi/storage/devices"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/gomatrixserverlib"
 )
 
@@ -39,7 +38,6 @@ var (
 	username      = flag.String("username", "", "The user ID localpart to register e.g 'alice' in '@alice:localhost'.")
 	password      = flag.String("password", "", "Optional. The password to register with. If not specified, this account will be password-less.")
 	serverNameStr = flag.String("servername", "localhost", "The Matrix server domain which will form the domain part of the user ID.")
-	accessToken   = flag.String("token", "", "Optional. The desired access_token to have. If not specified, a random access_token will be made.")
 )
 
 func main() {
@@ -78,29 +76,5 @@ func main() {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
-	deviceDB, err := devices.NewDatabase(&config.DatabaseOptions{
-		ConnectionString: config.DataSource(*database),
-	}, serverName)
-	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Println(err.Error())
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-
-	if *accessToken == "" {
-		t := "token_" + *username
-		accessToken = &t
-	}
-
-	device, err := deviceDB.CreateDevice(
-		context.Background(), *username, nil, *accessToken, nil, "127.0.0.1", "",
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Println(err.Error())
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-
-	fmt.Println("Created account:")
-	fmt.Printf("user_id      = %s\n", device.UserID)
-	fmt.Printf("device_id    = %s\n", device.ID)
-	fmt.Printf("access_token = %s\n", device.AccessToken)
+	fmt.Println("Created account")
 }
diff --git a/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/main.go b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/main.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d6406c01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities"
+	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/config"
+	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/setup"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+type entrypoint func(base *setup.BaseDendrite, cfg *config.Dendrite)
+
+func main() {
+	cfg := setup.ParseFlags(true)
+
+	component := ""
+	if flag.NFlag() > 0 {
+		component = flag.Arg(0) // ./dendrite-polylith-multi --config=... clientapi
+	} else if len(os.Args) > 1 {
+		component = os.Args[1] // ./dendrite-polylith-multi clientapi
+	}
+
+	components := map[string]entrypoint{
+		"appservice":       personalities.Appservice,
+		"clientapi":        personalities.ClientAPI,
+		"eduserver":        personalities.EDUServer,
+		"federationapi":    personalities.FederationAPI,
+		"federationsender": personalities.FederationSender,
+		"keyserver":        personalities.KeyServer,
+		"mediaapi":         personalities.MediaAPI,
+		"roomserver":       personalities.RoomServer,
+		"signingkeyserver": personalities.SigningKeyServer,
+		"syncapi":          personalities.SyncAPI,
+		"userapi":          personalities.UserAPI,
+	}
+
+	start, ok := components[component]
+	if !ok {
+		if component == "" {
+			logrus.Errorf("No component specified")
+			logrus.Info("The first argument on the command line must be the name of the component to run")
+		} else {
+			logrus.Errorf("Unknown component %q specified", component)
+		}
+
+		var list []string
+		for c := range components {
+			list = append(list, c)
+		}
+		logrus.Infof("Valid components: %s", strings.Join(list, ", "))
+
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	logrus.Infof("Starting %q component", component)
+
+	base := setup.NewBaseDendrite(cfg, component, false) // TODO
+	defer base.Close()                                   // nolint: errcheck
+
+	start(base, cfg)
+}
diff --git a/cmd/dendrite-appservice-server/main.go b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/appservice.go
similarity index 83%
rename from cmd/dendrite-appservice-server/main.go
rename to cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/appservice.go
index 6adbdb17c..7fa87b115 100644
--- a/cmd/dendrite-appservice-server/main.go
+++ b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/appservice.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2018 Vector Creations Ltd
+// Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -12,18 +12,15 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-package main
+package personalities
 
 import (
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/appservice"
+	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/config"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/setup"
 )
 
-func main() {
-	cfg := setup.ParseFlags(false)
-	base := setup.NewBaseDendrite(cfg, "AppServiceAPI", true)
-
-	defer base.Close() // nolint: errcheck
+func Appservice(base *setup.BaseDendrite, cfg *config.Dendrite) {
 	userAPI := base.UserAPIClient()
 	rsAPI := base.RoomserverHTTPClient()
 
diff --git a/cmd/dendrite-client-api-server/main.go b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/clientapi.go
similarity index 87%
rename from cmd/dendrite-client-api-server/main.go
rename to cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/clientapi.go
index 0061de74f..09fc63ab3 100644
--- a/cmd/dendrite-client-api-server/main.go
+++ b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/clientapi.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+// Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -12,20 +12,16 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-package main
+package personalities
 
 import (
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/clientapi"
+	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/config"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/setup"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/transactions"
 )
 
-func main() {
-	cfg := setup.ParseFlags(false)
-
-	base := setup.NewBaseDendrite(cfg, "ClientAPI", true)
-	defer base.Close() // nolint: errcheck
-
+func ClientAPI(base *setup.BaseDendrite, cfg *config.Dendrite) {
 	accountDB := base.CreateAccountsDB()
 	federation := base.CreateFederationClient()
 
diff --git a/cmd/dendrite-edu-server/main.go b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/eduserver.go
similarity index 77%
rename from cmd/dendrite-edu-server/main.go
rename to cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/eduserver.go
index 3a34b9a68..a5d2926f1 100644
--- a/cmd/dendrite-edu-server/main.go
+++ b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/eduserver.go
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+//
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
@@ -10,26 +12,16 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-package main
+package personalities
 
 import (
-	_ "net/http/pprof"
-
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/eduserver"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/eduserver/cache"
+	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/config"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/setup"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
-func main() {
-	cfg := setup.ParseFlags(false)
-	base := setup.NewBaseDendrite(cfg, "EDUServerAPI", true)
-	defer func() {
-		if err := base.Close(); err != nil {
-			logrus.WithError(err).Warn("BaseDendrite close failed")
-		}
-	}()
-
+func EDUServer(base *setup.BaseDendrite, cfg *config.Dendrite) {
 	intAPI := eduserver.NewInternalAPI(base, cache.New(), base.UserAPIClient())
 	eduserver.AddInternalRoutes(base.InternalAPIMux, intAPI)
 
diff --git a/cmd/dendrite-federation-api-server/main.go b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/federationapi.go
similarity index 86%
rename from cmd/dendrite-federation-api-server/main.go
rename to cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/federationapi.go
index 3ebb16f4b..a1bbeafad 100644
--- a/cmd/dendrite-federation-api-server/main.go
+++ b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/federationapi.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+// Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -12,18 +12,15 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-package main
+package personalities
 
 import (
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/federationapi"
+	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/config"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/setup"
 )
 
-func main() {
-	cfg := setup.ParseFlags(false)
-	base := setup.NewBaseDendrite(cfg, "FederationAPI", true)
-	defer base.Close() // nolint: errcheck
-
+func FederationAPI(base *setup.BaseDendrite, cfg *config.Dendrite) {
 	userAPI := base.UserAPIClient()
 	federation := base.CreateFederationClient()
 	serverKeyAPI := base.SigningKeyServerHTTPClient()
diff --git a/cmd/dendrite-federation-sender-server/main.go b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/federationsender.go
similarity index 85%
rename from cmd/dendrite-federation-sender-server/main.go
rename to cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/federationsender.go
index 99b416c45..052523789 100644
--- a/cmd/dendrite-federation-sender-server/main.go
+++ b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/federationsender.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+// Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -12,18 +12,15 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-package main
+package personalities
 
 import (
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/federationsender"
+	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/config"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/setup"
 )
 
-func main() {
-	cfg := setup.ParseFlags(false)
-	base := setup.NewBaseDendrite(cfg, "FederationSender", true)
-	defer base.Close() // nolint: errcheck
-
+func FederationSender(base *setup.BaseDendrite, cfg *config.Dendrite) {
 	federation := base.CreateFederationClient()
 
 	serverKeyAPI := base.SigningKeyServerHTTPClient()
diff --git a/cmd/dendrite-key-server/main.go b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/keyserver.go
similarity index 87%
rename from cmd/dendrite-key-server/main.go
rename to cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/keyserver.go
index ff5b22236..8c159ad06 100644
--- a/cmd/dendrite-key-server/main.go
+++ b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/keyserver.go
@@ -12,18 +12,15 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-package main
+package personalities
 
 import (
+	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/config"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/setup"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/keyserver"
 )
 
-func main() {
-	cfg := setup.ParseFlags(false)
-	base := setup.NewBaseDendrite(cfg, "KeyServer", true)
-	defer base.Close() // nolint: errcheck
-
+func KeyServer(base *setup.BaseDendrite, cfg *config.Dendrite) {
 	intAPI := keyserver.NewInternalAPI(&base.Cfg.KeyServer, base.CreateFederationClient())
 	intAPI.SetUserAPI(base.UserAPIClient())
 
diff --git a/cmd/dendrite-media-api-server/main.go b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/mediaapi.go
similarity index 82%
rename from cmd/dendrite-media-api-server/main.go
rename to cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/mediaapi.go
index 2c2fe3b36..64e5bc312 100644
--- a/cmd/dendrite-media-api-server/main.go
+++ b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/mediaapi.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+// Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -12,18 +12,15 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-package main
+package personalities
 
 import (
+	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/config"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/setup"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/mediaapi"
 )
 
-func main() {
-	cfg := setup.ParseFlags(false)
-	base := setup.NewBaseDendrite(cfg, "MediaAPI", true)
-	defer base.Close() // nolint: errcheck
-
+func MediaAPI(base *setup.BaseDendrite, cfg *config.Dendrite) {
 	userAPI := base.UserAPIClient()
 	client := base.CreateClient()
 
diff --git a/cmd/dendrite-room-server/main.go b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/roomserver.go
similarity index 84%
rename from cmd/dendrite-room-server/main.go
rename to cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/roomserver.go
index d3f145745..91027506d 100644
--- a/cmd/dendrite-room-server/main.go
+++ b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/roomserver.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+// Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -12,18 +12,15 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-package main
+package personalities
 
 import (
+	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/config"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/setup"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/roomserver"
 )
 
-func main() {
-	cfg := setup.ParseFlags(false)
-	base := setup.NewBaseDendrite(cfg, "RoomServerAPI", true)
-	defer base.Close() // nolint: errcheck
-
+func RoomServer(base *setup.BaseDendrite, cfg *config.Dendrite) {
 	serverKeyAPI := base.SigningKeyServerHTTPClient()
 	keyRing := serverKeyAPI.KeyRing()
 
diff --git a/cmd/dendrite-signing-key-server/main.go b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/signingkeyserver.go
similarity index 86%
rename from cmd/dendrite-signing-key-server/main.go
rename to cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/signingkeyserver.go
index a4d48d361..a7bfff10b 100644
--- a/cmd/dendrite-signing-key-server/main.go
+++ b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/signingkeyserver.go
@@ -12,18 +12,15 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-package main
+package personalities
 
 import (
+	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/config"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/setup"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/signingkeyserver"
 )
 
-func main() {
-	cfg := setup.ParseFlags(false)
-	base := setup.NewBaseDendrite(cfg, "SigningKeyServer", true)
-	defer base.Close() // nolint: errcheck
-
+func SigningKeyServer(base *setup.BaseDendrite, cfg *config.Dendrite) {
 	federation := base.CreateFederationClient()
 
 	intAPI := signingkeyserver.NewInternalAPI(&base.Cfg.SigningKeyServer, federation, base.Caches)
diff --git a/cmd/dendrite-sync-api-server/main.go b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/syncapi.go
similarity index 84%
rename from cmd/dendrite-sync-api-server/main.go
rename to cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/syncapi.go
index 351dbc5f4..2d5c0b525 100644
--- a/cmd/dendrite-sync-api-server/main.go
+++ b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/syncapi.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+// Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -12,19 +12,15 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-package main
+package personalities
 
 import (
+	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/config"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/setup"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/syncapi"
 )
 
-func main() {
-	cfg := setup.ParseFlags(false)
-
-	base := setup.NewBaseDendrite(cfg, "SyncAPI", true)
-	defer base.Close() // nolint: errcheck
-
+func SyncAPI(base *setup.BaseDendrite, cfg *config.Dendrite) {
 	userAPI := base.UserAPIClient()
 	federation := base.CreateFederationClient()
 
diff --git a/cmd/dendrite-user-api-server/main.go b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/userapi.go
similarity index 84%
rename from cmd/dendrite-user-api-server/main.go
rename to cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/userapi.go
index fb65fefbc..fe5e4fbd0 100644
--- a/cmd/dendrite-user-api-server/main.go
+++ b/cmd/dendrite-polylith-multi/personalities/userapi.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2017 Vector Creations Ltd
+// Copyright 2020 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -12,18 +12,15 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-package main
+package personalities
 
 import (
+	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/config"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/internal/setup"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/userapi"
 )
 
-func main() {
-	cfg := setup.ParseFlags(false)
-	base := setup.NewBaseDendrite(cfg, "UserAPI", true)
-	defer base.Close() // nolint: errcheck
-
+func UserAPI(base *setup.BaseDendrite, cfg *config.Dendrite) {
 	accountDB := base.CreateAccountsDB()
 
 	userAPI := userapi.NewInternalAPI(accountDB, &cfg.UserAPI, cfg.Derived.ApplicationServices, base.KeyServerHTTPClient())
diff --git a/docs/INSTALL.md b/docs/INSTALL.md
index be12d7b86..f804193cd 100644
--- a/docs/INSTALL.md
+++ b/docs/INSTALL.md
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use in production environments just yet!
 Dendrite requires:
 
 * Go 1.13 or higher
-* Postgres 9.5 or higher (if using Postgres databases, not needed for SQLite)
+* Postgres 9.6 or higher (if using Postgres databases, not needed for SQLite)
 
 If you want to run a polylith deployment, you also need:
 
@@ -93,12 +93,12 @@ brew services start kafka
 ### SQLite database setup
 
 Dendrite can use the built-in SQLite database engine for small setups.
-The SQLite databases do not need to be preconfigured - Dendrite will
+The SQLite databases do not need to be pre-built - Dendrite will
 create them automatically at startup.
 
 ### Postgres database setup
 
-Assuming that Postgres 9.5 (or later) is installed:
+Assuming that Postgres 9.6 (or later) is installed:
 
 * Create role, choosing a new password when prompted:
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ Assuming that Postgres 9.5 (or later) is installed:
 * Create the component databases:
 
   ```bash
-  for i in account device mediaapi syncapi roomserver signingkeyserver federationsender appservice e2ekey naffka; do
+  for i in mediaapi syncapi roomserver signingkeyserver federationsender appservice keyserver userapi_account userapi_device naffka; do
       sudo -u postgres createdb -O dendrite dendrite_$i
   done
   ```
@@ -135,8 +135,8 @@ Create config file, based on `dendrite-config.yaml`. Call it `dendrite.yaml`. Th
 
 * The `server_name` entry to reflect the hostname of your Dendrite server
 * The `database` lines with an updated connection string based on your
-  desired setup, e.g. replacing `component` with the name of the component:
-  * For Postgres: `postgres://dendrite:password@localhost/component`
+  desired setup, e.g. replacing `database` with the name of the database:
+  * For Postgres: `postgres://dendrite:password@localhost/database`
   * For SQLite on disk: `file:component.db` or `file:///path/to/component.db`
   * Postgres and SQLite can be mixed and matched.
 * The `use_naffka` option if using Naffka in a monolith deployment
@@ -147,6 +147,10 @@ then configuring `key_perspectives` (like `matrix.org` in the sample) can
 help to improve reliability considerably by allowing your homeserver to fetch
 public keys for dead homeservers from somewhere else.
 
+**WARNING:** Dendrite supports running all components from the same database in
+Postgres mode, but this is **NOT** a supported configuration with SQLite. When
+using SQLite, all components **MUST** use their own database file.
+
 ## Starting a monolith server
 
 It is possible to use Naffka as an in-process replacement to Kafka when using
@@ -167,30 +171,17 @@ as shown below, it will also listen for HTTPS connections on port 8448.
 
 The following contains scripts which will run all the required processes in order to point a Matrix client at Dendrite.
 
-### Client proxy
+### nginx (or other reverse proxy)
 
-This is what Matrix clients will talk to. If you use the script below, point
-your client at `http://localhost:8008`.
+This is what your clients and federated hosts will talk to. It must forward
+requests onto the correct API server based on URL:
 
-```bash
-./bin/client-api-proxy \
---bind-address ":8008" \
---client-api-server-url "http://localhost:7771" \
---sync-api-server-url "http://localhost:7773" \
---media-api-server-url "http://localhost:7774" \
-```
+* `/_matrix/client` to the client API server
+* `/_matrix/federation` to the federation API server
+* `/_matrix/key` to the federation API server
+* `/_matrix/media` to the media API server
 
-### Federation proxy
-
-This is what Matrix servers will talk to. This is only required if you want
-to support federation.
-
-```bash
-./bin/federation-api-proxy \
---bind-address ":8448" \
---federation-api-url "http://localhost:7772" \
---media-api-server-url "http://localhost:7774" \
-```
+See `docs/nginx/polylith-sample.conf` for a sample configuration.
 
 ### Client API server
 
@@ -198,7 +189,7 @@ This is what implements CS API endpoints. Clients talk to this via the proxy in
 order to send messages, create and join rooms, etc.
 
 ```bash
-./bin/dendrite-client-api-server --config=dendrite.yaml
+./bin/dendrite-polylith-multi --config=dendrite.yaml clientapi
 ```
 
 ### Sync server
@@ -207,7 +198,7 @@ This is what implements `/sync` requests. Clients talk to this via the proxy
 in order to receive messages.
 
 ```bash
-./bin/dendrite-sync-api-server --config dendrite.yaml
+./bin/dendrite-polylith-multi --config=dendrite.yaml syncapi
 ```
 
 ### Media server
@@ -216,7 +207,7 @@ This implements `/media` requests. Clients talk to this via the proxy in
 order to upload and retrieve media.
 
 ```bash
-./bin/dendrite-media-api-server --config dendrite.yaml
+./bin/dendrite-polylith-multi --config=dendrite.yaml mediaapi
 ```
 
 ### Federation API server
@@ -226,7 +217,7 @@ order to send transactions.  This is only required if you want to support
 federation.
 
 ```bash
-./bin/dendrite-federation-api-server --config dendrite.yaml
+./bin/dendrite-polylith-multi --config=dendrite.yaml federationapi
 ```
 
 ### Internal components
@@ -239,7 +230,7 @@ contacted by other components. This includes the following components.
 This is what implements the room DAG. Clients do not talk to this.
 
 ```bash
-./bin/dendrite-room-server --config=dendrite.yaml
+./bin/dendrite-polylith-multi --config=dendrite.yaml roomserver
 ```
 
 #### Federation sender
@@ -248,7 +239,7 @@ This sends events from our users to other servers.  This is only required if
 you want to support federation.
 
 ```bash
-./bin/dendrite-federation-sender-server --config dendrite.yaml
+./bin/dendrite-polylith-multi --config=dendrite.yaml federationsender
 ```
 
 #### Appservice server
@@ -259,7 +250,7 @@ running locally.  This is only required if you want to support running
 application services on your homeserver.
 
 ```bash
-./bin/dendrite-appservice-server --config dendrite.yaml
+./bin/dendrite-polylith-multi --config=dendrite.yaml appservice
 ```
 
 #### Key server
@@ -267,7 +258,7 @@ application services on your homeserver.
 This manages end-to-end encryption keys for users.
 
 ```bash
-./bin/dendrite-key-server --config dendrite.yaml
+./bin/dendrite-polylith-multi --config=dendrite.yaml keyserver
 ```
 
 #### Signing key server
@@ -275,7 +266,7 @@ This manages end-to-end encryption keys for users.
 This manages signing keys for servers.
 
 ```bash
-./bin/dendrite-signing-key-server --config dendrite.yaml
+./bin/dendrite-polylith-multi --config=dendrite.yaml signingkeyserver
 ```
 
 #### EDU server
@@ -283,7 +274,7 @@ This manages signing keys for servers.
 This manages processing EDUs such as typing, send-to-device events and presence. Clients do not talk to
 
 ```bash
-./bin/dendrite-edu-server --config dendrite.yaml
+./bin/dendrite-polylith-multi --config=dendrite.yaml eduserver
 ```
 
 #### User server
@@ -292,6 +283,6 @@ This manages user accounts, device access tokens and user account data,
 amongst other things.
 
 ```bash
-./bin/dendrite-user-api-server --config dendrite.yaml
+./bin/dendrite-polylith-multi --config=dendrite.yaml userapi
 ```
 
diff --git a/roomserver/internal/input/input_events.go b/roomserver/internal/input/input_events.go
index 67031609f..c055289c9 100644
--- a/roomserver/internal/input/input_events.go
+++ b/roomserver/internal/input/input_events.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package input
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/roomserver/state"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/dendrite/roomserver/types"
 	"github.com/matrix-org/gomatrixserverlib"
+	"github.com/matrix-org/util"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
@@ -44,6 +46,28 @@ func (r *Inputer) processRoomEvent(
 	headered := input.Event
 	event := headered.Unwrap()
 
+	// if we have already got this event then do not process it again, if the input kind is an outlier.
+	// Outliers contain no extra information which may warrant a re-processing.
+	if input.Kind == api.KindOutlier {
+		evs, err2 := r.DB.EventsFromIDs(ctx, []string{event.EventID()})
+		if err2 == nil && len(evs) == 1 {
+			// check hash matches if we're on early room versions where the event ID was a random string
+			idFormat, err2 := headered.RoomVersion.EventIDFormat()
+			if err2 == nil {
+				switch idFormat {
+				case gomatrixserverlib.EventIDFormatV1:
+					if bytes.Equal(event.EventReference().EventSHA256, evs[0].EventReference().EventSHA256) {
+						util.GetLogger(ctx).WithField("event_id", event.EventID()).Infof("Already processed event; ignoring")
+						return event.EventID(), nil
+					}
+				default:
+					util.GetLogger(ctx).WithField("event_id", event.EventID()).Infof("Already processed event; ignoring")
+					return event.EventID(), nil
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Check that the event passes authentication checks and work out
 	// the numeric IDs for the auth events.
 	isRejected := false
diff --git a/roomserver/internal/input/input_latest_events.go b/roomserver/internal/input/input_latest_events.go
index 5adcd0877..5631959b7 100644
--- a/roomserver/internal/input/input_latest_events.go
+++ b/roomserver/internal/input/input_latest_events.go
@@ -233,18 +233,6 @@ func (u *latestEventsUpdater) latestState() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("roomState.DifferenceBetweenStateSnapshots: %w", err)
 	}
-	if len(u.removed) > len(u.added) {
-		// This really shouldn't happen.
-		// TODO: What is ultimately the best way to handle this situation?
-		logrus.Errorf(
-			"Invalid state delta on event %q wants to remove %d state but only add %d state (between state snapshots %d and %d)",
-			u.event.EventID(), len(u.removed), len(u.added), u.oldStateNID, u.newStateNID,
-		)
-		u.added = u.added[:0]
-		u.removed = u.removed[:0]
-		u.newStateNID = u.oldStateNID
-		return nil
-	}
 
 	// Also work out the state before the event removes and the event
 	// adds.
diff --git a/roomserver/storage/shared/latest_events_updater.go b/roomserver/storage/shared/latest_events_updater.go
index b316f639d..8825dc464 100644
--- a/roomserver/storage/shared/latest_events_updater.go
+++ b/roomserver/storage/shared/latest_events_updater.go
@@ -70,16 +70,14 @@ func (u *LatestEventsUpdater) CurrentStateSnapshotNID() types.StateSnapshotNID {
 	return u.currentStateSnapshotNID
 }
 
-// StorePreviousEvents implements types.RoomRecentEventsUpdater
+// StorePreviousEvents implements types.RoomRecentEventsUpdater - This must be called from a Writer
 func (u *LatestEventsUpdater) StorePreviousEvents(eventNID types.EventNID, previousEventReferences []gomatrixserverlib.EventReference) error {
-	return u.d.Writer.Do(u.d.DB, u.txn, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
-		for _, ref := range previousEventReferences {
-			if err := u.d.PrevEventsTable.InsertPreviousEvent(u.ctx, txn, ref.EventID, ref.EventSHA256, eventNID); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("u.d.PrevEventsTable.InsertPreviousEvent: %w", err)
-			}
+	for _, ref := range previousEventReferences {
+		if err := u.d.PrevEventsTable.InsertPreviousEvent(u.ctx, u.txn, ref.EventID, ref.EventSHA256, eventNID); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("u.d.PrevEventsTable.InsertPreviousEvent: %w", err)
 		}
-		return nil
-	})
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // IsReferenced implements types.RoomRecentEventsUpdater
diff --git a/roomserver/storage/shared/storage.go b/roomserver/storage/shared/storage.go
index f2be8b3cf..51dcb8887 100644
--- a/roomserver/storage/shared/storage.go
+++ b/roomserver/storage/shared/storage.go
@@ -492,15 +492,32 @@ func (d *Database) StoreEvent(
 		if roomInfo == nil && len(prevEvents) > 0 {
 			return 0, types.StateAtEvent{}, nil, "", fmt.Errorf("expected room %q to exist", event.RoomID())
 		}
+		// Create an updater - NB: on sqlite this WILL create a txn as we are directly calling the shared DB form of
+		// GetLatestEventsForUpdate - not via the SQLiteDatabase form which has `nil` txns. This
+		// function only does SELECTs though so the created txn (at this point) is just a read txn like
+		// any other so this is fine. If we ever update GetLatestEventsForUpdate or NewLatestEventsUpdater
+		// to do writes however then this will need to go inside `Writer.Do`.
 		updater, err = d.GetLatestEventsForUpdate(ctx, *roomInfo)
 		if err != nil {
 			return 0, types.StateAtEvent{}, nil, "", fmt.Errorf("NewLatestEventsUpdater: %w", err)
 		}
-		if err = updater.StorePreviousEvents(eventNID, prevEvents); err != nil {
-			return 0, types.StateAtEvent{}, nil, "", fmt.Errorf("updater.StorePreviousEvents: %w", err)
+		// Ensure that we atomically store prev events AND commit them. If we don't wrap StorePreviousEvents
+		// and EndTransaction in a writer then it's possible for a new write txn to be made between the two
+		// function calls which will then fail with 'database is locked'. This new write txn would HAVE to be
+		// something like SetRoomAlias/RemoveRoomAlias as normal input events are already done sequentially due to
+		// SupportsConcurrentRoomInputs() == false on sqlite, though this does not apply to setting room aliases
+		// as they don't go via InputRoomEvents
+		err = d.Writer.Do(d.DB, updater.txn, func(txn *sql.Tx) error {
+			if err = updater.StorePreviousEvents(eventNID, prevEvents); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("updater.StorePreviousEvents: %w", err)
+			}
+			succeeded := true
+			err = sqlutil.EndTransaction(updater, &succeeded)
+			return err
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, types.StateAtEvent{}, nil, "", err
 		}
-		succeeded := true
-		err = sqlutil.EndTransaction(updater, &succeeded)
 	}
 
 	return roomNID, types.StateAtEvent{